Steph C.
Yelp
I admit that I'm much more of a tourist than I am a cook, but I'm a big fan of Aritsugu, the storied knife shop of Nishiki Market. Aritsugu was founded in 1560 and has been at this location since 1781. When people get reverent about Japanese knives, they're talking about knifemakers like Aritsugu.
We went during our visit to Nishiki Market. I wanted to buy some knives while we were in Japan, both for ourselves and as gifts, and it was nice that Aritsugu didn't require a separate trip, like the famous knife shops on Kappabashi in Tokyo.
The store was compact but well stocked, with walls and display cases full of beautiful knives. We were only interested in basic kitchen knives, but it was fun to look at all the specialty knives, the whole range of shapes and sizes.
Service was excellent. The place was quite busy the whole time we were there, but we were well attended to, with salespeople who spoke to us in both Japanese very good English. I was also pleasantly surprised to find that Aritsugu takes credit cards--if you've read that it's cash only, that information is out of date.
We ended up buying several of the same knife, a practical kitchen mid-size kitchen knife that we use to cut pretty much everything. (You can pack well-sealed knives in your carry-on luggage, no problem.) I also bought one for my mom, a great cook who maintained for years that there was no need to buy nice knives. She is now a convert, and planning to make her own trip to Aritsugu when she goes to Kyoto this month.
You can get these knives online, but there's a significant mark-up, and you don't get the pleasure of shopping at a place with hundreds of years of history. I would highly recommend visiting Aritsugu when you're in Kyoto. It's worth a browse even if you don't walk away with a bag full of knives.