Minelie A.
Yelp
The Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe, officially known as the Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe (Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in English), is a Catholic basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her title as Our Lady of Guadalupe. It is situated at the foot of the Hill of Tepeyac in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. The basilica is part of the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico under the Guadalupana Vicariate. Since November 4, 2018, Monsignor Efraín Hernández Díaz has served as the general and episcopal vicar of Guadalupe and the basilica's abbot.
The church known as the Old Basilica of Guadalupe was designed by architect Pedro de Arrieta, with construction beginning in March 1695. It officially opened on May 1, 1709, with a solemn novena. In 1749, it was designated a collegiate church, meaning it had its own chapter and an abbot, though it was not a cathedral. Its freestanding portal resembles a screen, and the four octagonal towers at its corners, topped with Talavera yellow and blue mosaics (similar to those on the transept dome), symbolize the New Jerusalem mentioned in the Book of Revelation (Rev 21:18).
In the early 19th century, construction of the nearby Capuchine Convent caused significant damage to the church's walls and vaults, prompting restoration efforts. During these repairs, the sanctuary was redecorated in Neoclassical style, replacing the original Baroque design. Work began around 1804 and was completed in 1836, though it was paused between 1810 and 1822 due to the War of Independence. Agustín Paz designed the restoration, which was carried out by Neoclassical architect Manuel Tolsá.
In 1904, the church was elevated to the rank of basilica. On November 14, 1921, shortly after the Mexican Revolution and just before the Cristero War, a bomb hidden inside a flower arrangement exploded at the main altar. The bomb, planted by Luciano Perez Carpio, an employee of the Private Secretariat of the Presidency, damaged the altar steps and some stained glass windows. However, the original image of the Virgin remained unharmed, with a nearby crucifix bending and allegedly shielding the image. As part of the repairs, the image was raised one meter higher.
After this incident, the image was temporarily replaced by a faithful copy and was not restored to its altar until 1929.