Bibi-Khanym Mosque

Bibi-Khanym Mosque, A Timurid Masterpiece. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque stands as one of the most iconic and awe-inspiring architectural complexes in Samarkand. Its vast scale and opulent decoration symbolized the wealth and power of Amir Timur (Tamerlane) and his empire. Constructed between 1399 and 1404, using the spoils of Timur’s campaign in India, it was named after Bibi-Khanym, the nickname of Saray Mulk Khanym, Timur’s senior wife. The complex features a grand congregational mosque with a monumental entrance (iwan), towering minarets, and a massive dome. Two smaller side mosques are also part of the design. However, Timur’s architectural vision exceeded the engineering capabilities of the time. The structure was too ambitious, and signs of deterioration appeared even before construction was complete. Work stopped in 1405 following Timur’s sudden death. Timur’s grandson, Ulugh Beg, is known to have used a monumental marble Quran stand within the mosque, on which the famous Quran of Caliph Uthman (Osman) was displayed during Friday prayers. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remained in use until the 17th century, when the Tilla-Kari Mosque was built to replace it. Restoration efforts began in the 1970s as part of a broader campaign led by Uzbekistan’s first president, Islam Karimov, to revive the architectural legacy of the Timurid era.

In the northeast of the city center of Samarkand stands what remains of one of the most beautiful and largest mosques in the Islamic world: the Bibi Khanym Mosque. On May 11, 1399, the foundation stone was laid, and in five years a mosque was built that was indeed unparalleled in the world. During those five years, Timur was mainly on the warpath and his wife Saray Mulk Khanym (a.k.a. Bibi Khanym) oversaw the progress of the works. Timur Lenk had his architects and craftsmen explore and stretch the boundaries of what was then architecturally possible, which did not benefit the structural stability of the mosque. On his return to Samarkand in 1404, Timur, dissatisfied with certain details and the pace of construction, immediately had things changed, especially the 41-meter-high dome. As a result, the first bricks began to fall from this dome after just a few years. In the almost two centuries that followed the death of Timur Lenk, the mosque was renovated and reinforced several times until Abdullah Khan II stopped work on the mosque at the end of the 16th century. This was the beginning of a long period of decay, weathering and plundering. Fortunately, the Soviets began extensive and long-term restorations in 1974, so that visitors can now enjoy this monumental building again. After passing the 35-meter-high pishtaq of the entrance, you enter the courtyard (64x76m), which used to be completely paved with marble. The two smaller domes on the sides tower proudly above the galleries and form the prelude to the main building with an equally enormous pishtaq and the hidden behind it, a 41 meter high turquoise dome. Although the Bibi Khanym mosque is actually a restored ruin, this is a "ruin" that still impresses and overwhelms. Don't miss it!

Bibi Khanym Mosque is one of the most iconic and historic landmarks in Samarkand, originally built in the 15th century under the reign of Amir Temur. The grand entrance gate is impressive, featuring a striking blue dome and beautiful floral engravings that reflect classic Timurid architecture. The entry fee is 100,000 UZS, which is reasonable for such a historic monument. However, the site seems to be in need of better maintenance. The main mosque building is currently closed due to structural damage, and only two smaller side mosques are open to visitors. The entrance gate appears faded and slightly dirty, which gives a neglected feel to such a significant monument. It’s highly recommended that the authorities take proper measures to preserve and restore the site. Inside the complex, there is a small garden where visitors can sit and relax, offering a peaceful break during your visit. Despite some maintenance issues, the mosque remains a must-visit due to its historical and architectural value.

Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand is truly massive, built by Amir Timur in honor of his favourite wife. I’ve never seen a bigger mosque—its sheer size is breathtaking. The grandeur of the structure is incredible, with towering arches and a vast courtyard. While the size alone is impressive, there’s not as much to see inside, so the main highlight is really the exterior. The courtyard also houses a replica of the world’s largest Quran stand. Right next to the mosque is the local bazaar, making it easy for people to head over for shopping after prayers when it was a functioning mosque. The proximity adds to the lively atmosphere around the mosque and gives you a nice glimpse into daily life in Samarkand.

Bibi-Khanym Mosque is a peaceful spot in Samarkand, perfect for a quiet break from sightseeing. While the architecture is impressive, there isn’t much to explore inside. I visited without a guide, so I probably missed some interesting stories about its history. However, the courtyard was a lovely place to sit and relax for hours. It was quite windy during my visit, which made the experience even more refreshing. If you’re looking for a calm place to unwind, this is a great stop, but I’d recommend going with a guide to get more out of the visit.

Built in the 15th century by order of Timur it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world at the time. Its scale and elegance still impress today. It’s a symbol od Samarkand’s Islamic heritage and Central Asian identity. It’s one of those places where you feel the weight of history and the beauty of craftsmanship all at once

In the 15th century, this mosque was one of the largest and most magnificent in the whole Islamic world and considered a masterpiece of the Timurid Era. Built in 1404 - more than 600 years old - it was named by Timur Lenk after his wife and it is an impressive sight: the entrancd gate is more than 35 m tall!

This is a very impressive mosque, a must visit when you are in Samarkand. You have to pay an entrance fee to enter, but to be honest, the most beautifull part is the facade which is visible from the street. As this facade is facing eastwards, the best pictures are taken early in the morning.