David J.
Yelp
Dun Carloway Broch is an iron-age prehistoric site, about 5 miles north of Callanish on the Isle of Lewis.
Brochs are unique to Scotland, and their exact function is still not precisely known. Essentially, a broch is a tower, originally about 10m high, with a double wall with passages in it, and a central area presumed to have been open to the air. The towers taper slightly to the towards the top, giving them a shape akin to power station cooling towers. There was usually a single, low entrance to the tower from the outside, and no windows to the outside, but small openings to the interior. Some of them are isolated, but others form part of iron-age villages, but are nearly always by the sea.
The most commonly accepted theory is that they were defensive structures, which could be easily sealed off from attackers: livestock would shelter in the central area, and the inhabitants in the spaces within the walls. As well as protection, their height may have provided a look-out function as well. Locations close to the sea were always vulnerable to pirates and other sea-faring enemies, so the locals would need somewhere to escape to quickly. They generally date from around the first century AD.
The one at Dun Carolway is one of the best preserved of all, with one side standing some 5m high. The remains give an excellent insight into the overall structure. As well as the archaeology, the tower has a spectacular position overlooking the sea on Carloway Loch, giving amazing views and as well as a feeling of remoteness.