Loo Y.
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Behind St Peter’s, the Vatican Gardens occupy about half of Vatican City, enclosed by the old Leonine walls. First laid out as a papal viridarium in the thirteenth century, they were reshaped in the Renaissance and Baroque periods and today combine Italian, French and English-style sectors with woodland, fountains and shrines. The pope uses the gardens for walks and prayer, and Marian images from many countries, including the Lourdes Grotto, make them a concentrated devotional route. At the same time, key utilities sit here: the Governor’s Palace, media buildings, heliport and water infrastructure. Access is by paid guided tour, so the gardens function as both a working core of the microstate and a tightly managed heritage experience.