Jan Majkowski
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Yesterday I visited Wilanów Palace with my family, and it truly felt like a journey back in time – to the age of King Jan III Sobieski and the late 17th century.
Our guide gave us a fascinating introduction to the palace’s origins. Jan III, elected king from his hometown Żółkiew near Lviv, never enjoyed living in Warsaw’s Royal Castle. Instead, he expanded a former hunting manor in Milanów, transforming it into his beloved residence. He named it Villa Nova (“new town”), which over time became Wilanów.
The palace was built in the Baroque style, in the same spirit as Louis XIV’s Versailles. Jan III and his wife, Queen Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien (“Marysieńka”), were deeply inspired by French culture – they spoke French at home, and Marysieńka herself was raised in France until the age of four before coming to Poland. She had first been married to Jan Zamoyski, and after his death became the wife of Sobieski.
Wilanów is above all the residence of the victor of Vienna (1683). The king dreamed of establishing a dynasty for his children – something reflected in the symbolic family portraits preserved in the palace. In one painting, Marysieńka appears with her children, accompanied by a lion (Sobieski’s power and courage), a dolphin (the heir, symbol of succession), and an eagle (the majesty of the Polish Commonwealth). Together, these elements conveyed the idea of continuity and dynastic ambition, even though in Poland the throne was not hereditary but elective. After Jan III’s death, Marysieńka was forced to leave the country with her children, as the Saxon Wettin dynasty secured the crown.
The palace later passed into the hands of powerful noble families such as the Sieniawskas and Potockis, and remarkably survived both the partitions of Poland and even the Second World War. During the German occupation, Hungarian allied troops were stationed in the palace, which spared it from the destruction that devastated most of Warsaw.
The guide also reminded us how harsh the 17th century was for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: wars raged almost without pause (supposedly only 100 days of the entire century were free of fighting), and a cooling climate even froze the Baltic Sea, allowing Swedish troops to march across the ice during the infamous Deluge.
Our visit to Wilanów was not only a beautiful walk through a Baroque residence but also a history lesson – filled with stories of the king, the queen, their dynastic hopes, and the turbulent fate of the Commonwealth. This place truly allows you to feel the spirit of old Poland and its role in Europe.