Lefteris Stamatelatos
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Nadir Divan-Begi Madrasah (1622-23).
The Nadir Divan-Begi Madrasah, located at the Lyabi-Hauz Ensemble, was originally built as a caravanserai in 1623 by Nadir Divan-Begi, the vizier and uncle of Imamk.uli Khan. According to legend, when the khan passed by and praised the “beautiful madrasah,” the builders quickly converted it into a religious school, as the khan’s word could not be wrong.
The madrasah was constructed facing the Nadir Divan-Begi Khanaka, forming a traditional kosh layout (two structures opposite each other). However, the layout appears less symmetrical due to the pool and parkland separating them.
Built on a square base approximately 70 meters wide, the madrasah lacks large classrooms, reflecting its original purpose as a caravanserai. The two-story structure surrounds a central courtyard, and the rooms were likely used mainly for student housing, with corner chambers possibly repurposed for study or prayer.
What makes the madrasah truly unique is its ornate façade, decorated with vibrant mosaics and majolica tilework. Remarkably, it features two large Simurgh (Humo) birds—mythical Persian creatures akin to phoenixes—facing the sun and surrounded by deer. Such imagery is rare in Islamic architecture, where animal depictions were generally discouraged, making this madrasah a striking and unusual example of creative artistic expression.