David J.
Yelp
Peak Cavern is one of four show caves in Castleton, an area famed for its extensive networks of limestone caverns.
Peak Cavern has the largest natural cave entrance of any in Britain, and of the four caves in Castleton is the most natural (the form of the others being partially created by mining).
Its historic name was the "Devil's Arse", so called as people in mediaeval times thought the caves as entrances to hell, and the air movement in Peak Cavern during flood made a noise like, well, passing wind!
The cave experienced a limited amount of mining, was used as a piggery, and until the early 20th century a small community of rope-makers lived and worked in houses in the entrance.
Tourist visits proper began in the 18th Century and really took off in the 19th century. Queen Victoria visited but was too large for the small coffin-like boat used to navigate one of the flooded passages, so miners blasted a new passage - part of today's route. She also had the name changed from its raw mediaeval one... An original boat is now on display, having been naturally excavated during a flood.
Mining has in modern times reduced the water levels so, whilst the cave can still flood dramatically, the streams and pools are shallower than historically was the case.
Today's tours are all led by a guide and last about 40 minutes. The talk covers the history, geology and natural history - the caves are home to specialised bacteria, water fleas, freshwater shrimp and blind trout.
The walk goes through a series of huge chambers, linked by low passages. Sadly, most of the stalactites and stalagmites were cut or shot down in the 19th century, but the grandeur comes from the sheer scale of the chambers. Further in - but beyond the section open to the public - the system contains largest natural cave chambers in Britain - the aptly named Leviathan and Titan - the latter being over 450 feet high.
Practicalities: it can be quite cold inside the cave, so carry a fleece or sweater. The cave floor is, in parts, uneven, wet and slippery, so flat shoes with good grip are also recommended. A few of the passages have very low ceilings and require you to duck for some distance.