Aswin N.
Google
Penataran Temple is the largest Hindu-Javanese temple complex in East Java.
This temple complex is a legacy of 3 great ancient Hindu-Javanese kingdoms, was built in Blitar for over 200 years, which its construction began in 1194 the period of Kediri Kingdom, continued in 1208 the period of Singasari Kingdom, and finished in 1415 the period of Majapahit Kingdom.
Known as Penataran Temple, which "penataran" means to teach, this temple complex become the place for anyone who wants to learn about the life in the ancient Hindu-Javanese kingdoms era. This temple complex is divided into 3 large parts which represent an integral philosophy and values inherent in every ancient Hindu-Javanese teachings and beliefs. Those 3 parts namely:
-The front / lower part where there is the Bale Agung for a gathering place and the Pendopo Teras for a place to put offerings.
-The middle part where there are two temples consists of one temple in form of a pointed monument with the statue of Ganesha (the god of wisdom) inside it as an embodiment of "lingga" / male and one temple in form of a hole monument surrounded by the ornament of dragon lifted by 9 kings (the number of gods which rule all the directions in the universe) as an embodiment of "yoni" / female.
-The back / top part where there is the largest temple is called the Palah Temple which is carved by the relief of the Ramayana story, the Palah Inscription written in ancient Javanese script by Mpu Amogeswara or Mpu Taluluh, and a "petirtaan" or holy water spring.
Penataran Temple complex was used to be a place both for worshipping the gods and consecrating the kings. Besides, Penataran Temple complex is still remain highly respected by the descendants of the kings and the peoples of the ancient Hindu-Javanese kingdoms in East Java because it is believed to be the place where Maha Patih Gajah Mada recited the Palapa Oath as a sign of the conquest and unification of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua in the name of Nusantara under the Majapahit Empire and was also once become the place where the ashes of Ken Arok the founder of the Singasari Kingdom and Raden Wijaya the founder of the Majapahit Kingdom were buried.