Ayaskant P.
Google
Shaniwar Wada is a colossal historical fortification in the heart of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Once the magnificent seat of the Peshwas of the Maratha Empire, this 18th-century structure is a testament to the power, architectural brilliance, and dramatic history of one of India's most significant ruling dynasties. Despite being largely in ruins due to a devastating fire in 1828, the remaining structure continues to captivate visitors, making it a must-visit historical landmark.
Historical Significance and Background
The Seat of Power: Built by Peshwa Bajirao I starting in 1732 (the name literally means "Saturday Residence," as the foundation stone was laid on a Saturday), Shaniwar Wada served as the administrative and residential headquarters of the Peshwas until 1818. It was the nerve centre of the Maratha Empire during its rise to prominence.
The Seven-Story Marvel: Originally, the Wada was planned as a colossal seven-story stone palace. However, due to opposition from locals and other political reasons, much of the construction above the stone plinth was completed using brick and wood, which tragically made it vulnerable to fire.
Tragedy and Legend: The Wada is steeped in tales of political intrigue and tragedy. Most famously, it is associated with the assassination of the young fifth Peshwa, Narayanrao, in 1773. Legend says his dying cry, "Kaka mala wachawa" (Uncle, save me!), can still be heard on full moon nights, contributing to its reputation as one of the most haunted places in India.
Architectural Highlights
Though largely destroyed, the surviving elements of Shaniwar Wada brilliantly showcase a blend of Maratha and Mughal architectural styles, emphasizing both grandeur and security.
* Massive Gates: The five magnificent entry gates are the most intact parts of the fort.
* Dilli Darwaza (Delhi Gate): The primary and most imposing entrance, facing north (towards Delhi). It features gigantic wooden doors fortified with 72 sharp, twelve-inch steel spikes to deter elephant charges.
* Other gates include the Mastani Darwaja (or Alibahadur Darwaja), Ganesh Darwaja, Jambhal Darwaja, and Khidki Darwaja.
* Fortified Walls and Bastions: The strong, high fortification walls and nine bastion towers surrounding the complex attest to its strategic military importance.
* Intricate Woodwork (Remains): Historical records indicate that the original seven-story palace featured exquisitely carved teak pillars and arches, polished marble floors, and ceilings adorned with tracery and glass chandeliers. While most of this was lost in the fire, the surviving structure hints at the past magnificence.
* Hazari Karanje (Fountain of a Thousand Jets): The impressive lotus-shaped fountain, built for the pleasure of the infant Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao, remains a point of architectural interest. Its remnants suggest a complex water system.
Visitor Experience
Shaniwar Wada is an essential stop for any history enthusiast visiting Pune.
* Exploring the Ruins and Gardens: Visitors spend an average of 1 to 3 hours exploring the vast courtyard, the surrounding fortified walls, and the well-maintained lawns. Walking along the walls provides a good perspective of the structure's scale.
* The Light and Sound Show: Held in the evening, the light and sound show is highly recommended. It vividly narrates the history of the Peshwas, the construction of the Wada, and the dramatic events that unfolded within its walls, bringing the ruins to life.
* Photography: The gates, especially the Dilli Darwaza, and the sprawling gardens offer excellent photography opportunities.
It’s an excellent place for those interested in Indian military architecture, history, and the dramatic legends of the Peshwa era. The evening light and sound show is the key that unlocks the full historical and emotional experience, making a visit to Shaniwar Wada an unforgettable journey back in time.
