Jan Majkowski
Google
The Royal Castle Museum in Warsaw is an absolute must-see, not just for visitors to the city but for anyone interested in Poland’s history and identity.
It was here that the last King of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski, sought to modernise the country. His reign brought lasting reforms such as the Commission of National Education and his central role in drafting the Constitution of 3 May 1791 – the first modern constitution in Europe and the second in the world after the U.S. Constitution of 1787. The Senators’ Chamber (Sala Senatorska), where this landmark act was adopted, remains one of the most moving rooms to visit, steeped in the spirit of reform and courage.
The castle also bears witness to Poland’s darkest hours. The dramatic protest of Tadeusz Rejtan against the Partition Sejm, later immortalised by Jan Matejko, symbolises resistance to betrayal by magnates such as Adam Poniński (shown with Russian bribe money at his feet), Szczęsny Potocki, Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, and Seweryn Rzewuski. Matejko’s great canvases displayed here vividly portray both the passion of the reformers and the despair at Poland’s fall, partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria and erased from the map for 123 years until 1918.
Beyond politics, the Royal Castle is also a treasury of art. Among its highlights are the magnificent cityscapes of Canaletto (Bernardo Bellotto), painted with almost photographic accuracy thanks to the use of a camera obscura. These 18th-century views of Warsaw turned out to be invaluable after the devastation of the Second World War, when they became the blueprints for the city’s meticulous reconstruction. The collection also includes masterpieces by European painters such as Rembrandt – though unfortunately, the signage and guidance towards these works were not very clear, and we missed them on our visit.
While the museum itself is magnificent, the customer service and staff guidance could be improved. Clearer directions, more attentive advice, and better signposting would ensure that visitors don’t overlook key treasures like Rembrandt’s paintings.
Overall, the Royal Castle is a living chronicle of Poland’s resilience, combining political history, national tragedy, and artistic splendour. It is a place where history, art, and identity converge, and despite some shortcomings in visitor support, it remains one of Warsaw’s most important and unforgettable landmarks.