Koen
Google
A castle with a moat is quite common, a castle near a river is also common, but a castle in a river—now that's unique! Just south of the village of Chenonceaux stands the truly magnificent Château de Chenonceau (yes, without the x) in (or over) the Cher River. The very first castle was built on the waterfront in the 13th century to control river traffic. During the Hundred Years' War, the castle was severely damaged, and in 1432, Jean II Marques was authorized to rebuild it. The new castle was surrounded on three sides by a moat and on the fourth by the Cher River itself. Of this feudal castle, only the so-called "Tour de Marques" remains. After a complicated legal battle, the castle ended up in the hands of Thomas Bohier and his wife Katherine Briçonnet, who demolished the old Château de Marques and built a new one on the foundations of a watermill in the Cher River. After Thomas's death, it was revealed that he had embezzled funds, resulting in Chenonceau falling into the hands of King Francis I in 1535. He used Chenonceau twice as a hunting lodge but did nothing further with it. His son, Henri II, gave Chenonceau to his favorite mistress, Diane de Poitiers, in 1547. She commissioned the creation of the Jardin Diane de Poitiers and, between 1556 and 1559, also had a bridge built at the castle to improve access to the forests for hunting. In 1559, Henri II died, and Diane had to relinquish Chenonceau to his widow, Catherine de Medici. She also commissioned the creation of beautiful gardens in 1561, and in 1576, her architect, Jean Bullant, began construction of the famous gallery that spans the Cher River to this day. After Catherine's death in 1589, Louise of Lorraine, wife of King Henry III, inherited Château Chenonceau, but, burdened by royal debts, she was forced to sell it to Gabrielle d'Estrees. In the following years, the castle passed from lady to lady until Claude Dupin, a wealthy tax farmer, purchased it in 1733. His second wife, Louise, restored the now somewhat dilapidated Chenonceau to order, organized literary and philosophical salons there, and made it a meeting place for the most famous writers and philosophers of the time (Voltaire and Montesquieu were among her guests). Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the son's tutor, wrote part of his "Émile" at Chenonceau. The prestigious château survived the French Revolution unscathed, thanks to its popularity with the locals and, allegedly, to Louise Dupin's omission of the "royal" x at the end of the name (the château's name has been spelled without the -x ever since). In 1864, Château de Chenonceau passed into the hands of Théophile Pelouze, whose wife, Marguerite, spent her entire fortune restoring the château (where she also hosted lavish parties). In 1913, Chenonceau was auctioned off and passed into the hands of the Menier chocolatier family, who still own it today. From 1940 to 1942, the château found itself in a peculiar situation: the Cher River formed the demarcation line between "free" Vichy France and the German-occupied north, and this border ran right through the building. This made the château a frequently used escape route. The Château Chenonceau, also known as the Château des Dames (Women's Castle) because of the many famous women who have lived there, is a magnificent and unique castle that is definitely worth a visit!